Creencias Irracionales y Sintomatología Depresiva en Estudiantes Universitarios de Psicología en Honduras

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre creencias irracionales y sintomatología depresiva en estudiantes universitarios de Psicología en Honduras. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, un alcance descriptivo-correlacional y un diseño no experimental transversal correlacional. La muestra fue de 257 estudiantes universitarios de Psicología de dos universidades hondureñas. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó el Test de Creencias Irracionales y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II. Las principales creencias irracionales manifiestas por los estudiantes son culpabilización, altas autoexpectativas, influencia del pasado y evitación de problemas, y alrededor de un tercio sufre sintomatología depresiva de moderada a severa. Los estudiantes varones, menores de 31 años, pertenecientes a una universidad privada y que se encuentran solteros son los que tienen más altas creencias irracionales y mayores niveles de depresión, pero solo hay diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el grupo etario y la sintomatología depresiva. Además, existe relación significativa entre creencias irracionales y cuatro de sus dimensiones (necesidad de aprobación, altas autoexpectativas, culpabilización e influencia del pasado) con sintomatología depresiva. Es urgente que las autoridades universitarias elaboren programas y servicios institucionales que prevengan y promuevan la salud mental, para disminuir los procesos mentales patológicos que pueden desencadenar problemas como el suicidio.

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between irrational beliefs and depressive symptoms in university students of Psychology in Honduras. A quantitative approach, a descriptive-correlational scope and a non-experimental correlational cross-sectional design was used. The sample was 257 university students of Psychology from two Honduran universities. For the collection of data, the Irrational Beliefs Test and the Beck-II Depression Inventory were applied. The main irrational beliefs manifested by the students are guilt, high self-expectations, influence of the past and avoidance of problems, and about a third of the students suffer from moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Male students, under 31 years, attending a private university and who are single are those who have the highest irrational beliefs and higher levels of depression, but there is only a statistically significant difference between the age group and depressive symptomatology. In addition, there is a statistically significant relationship between irrational beliefs and four of its dimensions (need for approval, high self-expectations, guilt and influence of the past) with depressive symptoms. It is urgent that university authorities develop programs and institutional services that prevent and promote mental health, to reduce pathological mental processes that can trigger problems such as suicide.

Personalidad en adolescentes de la ciudad del Alto en periodo de pandemia por covid -19

Este artículo describe los perfiles de personalidad de 95 adolescentes de la ciudad del Alto de La Paz. Los datos surgen del proceso empírico realizado en periodo de emergencia sanitaria por la pandemia por COVID -19. Los adolescentes en este contexto buscan nuevas e innovadoras maneras de afrontar esta realidad. Para eso se proyectan a partir de sus cualidades, habilidades, competencias y características que permiten la búsqueda de un proyecto de vida o la elección de una carrera universitaria. Se utilizó técnicas de investigación cuantitativa (Cuestionario Big Fives o Cinco Grandes) para reconocer los índices en cada dimensión, sub dimensión y escala de distorsión de la personalidad y se realizó un abordaje cualitativo en el reconocimiento de los perfiles de personalidad. Se observó que existe una tendencia mayor de adolescentes con predisposición a ser creativos e investigadores y no así realistas, sociales y dirigentes. La conclusión es que los datos permitirán a los adolescentes una perspectiva distinta en la elección de carreras universitarias convencionales.

This article describes the personality profiles of 165 adolescents from the City of Alto de La Paz. In times of health emergency it is a problem to set medium-term objectives. Teenagers must seek new and innovative ways to deal with this reality. For this, it is necessary to recognize the qualities, skills, competencies and characteristics of adolescents who are looking for a life project or the choice of a university career. Quantitative research techniques (Big Fives or Big Five Questionnaire) were used to recognize the levels in each dimension, sub-dimension and personality distortion scale and a qualitative approach was carried out in the recognition of personality profiles. It was observed that there is a greater tendency of adolescents with a predisposition to be creative and investigative and not so realistic, social and leaders. The conclusion is that the data will allow adolescents a different perspective in the choice of conventional university careers.

Este artigo descreve os perfis de personalidade de 165 adolescentes da cidade de Alto de La Paz. Em tempos de emergência sanitária é um problema estabelecer objetivos de médio prazo. Os adolescentes devem buscar formas novas e inovadoras de lidar com essa realidade. Para isso, é necessário reconhecer as qualidades, habilidades, competências e características dos adolescentes que buscam um projeto de vida ou a escolha de uma carreira universitária. Técnicas de pesquisa quantitativa (Big Fives ou Big Five Questionnaire) foram utilizadas para reconhecer os níveis em cada dimensão, subdimensão e escala de distorção de personalidade e uma abordagem qualitativa foi realizada no reconhecimento de perfis de personalidade. Observou-se que há uma maior tendência de adolescentes com predisposição a serem criativos e investigativos e não tão realistas, sociais e líderes. A conclusão é que os dados permitirão aos adolescentes uma perspectiva diferente na escolha das carreiras universitárias convencionais.

Suicidal Ideation in University Students: a Rorschach Assessment / Ideação Suicida em Estudantes Universitários: Avaliação com Rorschach / Ideación Suicida en Estudiantes Universitarios: Evaluación con Rorschach

Abstract University students are particularly susceptible to suicidal ideation and behavior due to issues inherent to this vital lives' moment. The Rorschach test can help to understand these students' suffering. The objective was to evaluate perception, thinking, stress, and distress in the Rorschach test domains in university students attended at a public university mental health service, comparing students with suicidal ideation with those without it. A total of 36 students aged 18 or over were assessed. The instruments were: Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS), Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) and Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Two analyses were performed using Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test, according to the presence of suicidal ideation in the last 30 days (SRQ-20) and in the last six months (C-SSRS). Statistically significant differences were found in the two analyses, indicative of greater perceptual distortion in students without suicidal ideation and of stress and distress in students with ideation.

Resumo Estudantes universitários são particularmente suscetíveis a ideação e comportamento suicidas decorrentes de problemas inerentes a este momento vital. O método de Rorschach pode contribuir na compreensão do sofrimento destes estudantes. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os domínios percepção, pensamento, estresse e angústia no Rorschach de estudantes universitários atendidos em serviço de saúde mental de universidade pública, comparando estudantes com ideação suicida com aqueles sem ideação. Foram avaliados 36 estudantes com 18 anos ou mais. Os instrumentos foram: Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS), Escala de Avaliação do Risco de Suicídio de Columbia (C-SSRS) e Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Foram realizadas duas análises com teste de Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney, segundo a presença de ideação nos últimos 30 dias (SRQ-20) e nos últimos 6 meses (C-SSRS). Foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas nas duas análises, indicativas de maior distorção perceptiva nos alunos sem ideação suicida e de angústia e estresse nos estudantes com ideação.

Resumen Estudiantes universitarios son particularmente susceptibles a ideación y comportamiento suicida debido a problemas inherentes a este momento vital. El Rorschach puede ayudar a comprender su sufrimiento. El objetivo fue evaluar los dominios percepción, pensamiento, estrés y angustia en el Rorschach de universitarios atendidos en un servicio de salud mental de universidad pública, comparando estudiantes con ideación suicida con aquellos sin esa ideación. Se evaluaron 36 estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado de 18 años o más. Los instrumentos fueron: Rorschach Performance Assessment System, Escala Columbia para Evaluar la Seriedad de la Ideación Suicida (C-SSRS) y Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Se realizaron dos análisis con Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test, según la presencia de ideación en los últimos 30 días (SRQ-20) y en los últimos 6 meses (C-SSRS). Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los dos análisis, indicativas de mayor distorsión perceptiva en estudiantes sin ideación suicida y de angustia y estrés en estudiantes con ideación.

The effect of increase in blood glucose level on hearing loss

Abstract Objective: Previous studies have shown that hearing function is also vulnerable to the effects of diabetes mellitus which can be shown by brainstem auditory evoked potential and distortion product otoacoustic emission recordings. This study aimed to investigate the changes of brainstem auditory evoked potential and distortion product otoacoustic emission in hyperglycemia and whether there is a relationship between reactive oxygen substances production and hearing deterioration in the rat model. Methods: 25 streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were divided into three groups: control, high blood glucose, and diabetes mellitus. Brainstem auditory evoked potential and distortion product otoacoustic emission were recorded, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were measured in the brainstem tissue. Results: At 8 kHz, the latencies of I, II, III, IV, and V brainstem auditory evoked potential waves in high blood glucose and diabetes mellitus groups were elongated, at 16 kHz, only these wave latencies of the diabetes mellitus group were prolonged compared with the control group. A significant decrease was also found in distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitudes at 4, 6, 8, and 10 kHz in the high blood glucose and diabetes mellitus groups compared to the control group. There was a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values due to the increase in blood glucose levels in the high blood glucose and diabetes mellitus groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results suggested that high blood glucose levels may cause hearing impairment not only in the diabetic state but also in the period of hyperglycemia before the onset of manifest diabetes mellitus and reactive oxygen substances may play an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. We suggest that regulating high glucose levels even before the onset of manifest diabetes mellitus may prevent hazardous effects on hearing function. Level of evidence: Level 3.

Study of dose distortion and Bragg peak location correction in MRI-guided proton therapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To analyze the influence of magnetic field on the proton beam delivery and dose distribution, and develop a correction method for the Bragg peak (BP) shift under the vertical magnetic field, providing reference for the dose calculation and beam delivery of MRI-guided proton therapy.Methods:Monte Carlo (MC) simulation was used to study the dose distribution of the proton beam in the water phantom under the magnetic field. The BP location was corrected by the method of" angle correction+ energy correction" , and the correction parameters were calculated by the analytical formula based on the simulation data.Results:The magnetic field caused the dose distortion and shift of BP location. The shift degree was increased with the increase of field strength and initial energy. Compared with MC simulation, the result of calculating proton deflection in the air by the analytical method yielded a deviation within 0.2%. Based on the simulation data and calculation formulas, the correction parameters under different conditions could be calculated within 1 s by using the MATLAB programming. The calculation results showed that the air layer with magnetic field, isocenter depth, irradiation direction exerted different influence on the correction parameters. After correction, the BP location was basically consistent with the expected (offset ≤0.2 mm).Conclusions:The BP shift under the vertical magnetic field can be effectively corrected by " the angle correction+ energy correction" method. The correction parameters under different conditions can be quickly and accurately calculated by the calculation formulas based on simulation data.

Effects of Low Birth Weight Babies on Cochlear Function In Newborns at Dr Soetomo Hospital Surabaya

@#Introduction: The prevalence of hearing loss ranges from 1 to 3 per 1000 live births and 2-4 per 100 high-risk babies as in low birth weight babies. Hearing screening in all newborns has not been fully implemented at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya so this research is expected to be the basis for hearing screening in all babies born especially low birth weight babies (LBW). The objective of the study was to predict the effect of low birth weight babies on impaired cochlear function in newborns. Methods: Cross-sectional comparative study was conducted from September 2018 to March 2019 in Dr. Soetomo Hospital. The subjects of this study were infants aged 2-28 days old in the nursery. Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) was used to examineselected babies who fulfilled the selection criteria. Results: Twenty babies (≥2500 gram) and 20 babies (<2500 grams) were selected in this study. The proportion of cochlear dysfunction in infants with birth weights <1500 grams and 1500-2500 grams in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya was 50% and 35.7%. In multivariate analysis birth weight <1500 and birth weight 1500-2499 had a risk respectively 2.06 (95% Confidence Interval 0.08-48.26 P = 0.653) and 1.20 (95% Confidence Interval 0.07-20.34 P = 0.899) respectively. The proportion of cochlear dysfuntion in babies with birth weight ≥2500 grams is the highest which is 65 %. Conclusion: In this study Low Birth Weight Babies have a risk of 35.7 % of impaired cochlear function We would recommend DPOAE as screening method in all babies at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya which is continued by second screening examination within one month on high risk babies and failed first test.

Esketamine may be an ideal substitute for ketamine during cochlear function measurement

The mixture of ketamine and xylazine is widely used for the auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurement. Esketamine is twice as potent as ketamine. Our objective was to assess the influence of esketamine in mice undergoing cochlear function measurement including ABR and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurement. C57Bl/6J mice were treated with an equivalent dose of analgesia and received either a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 100 mg/kg ketamine and 25 mg/kg xylazine or 50 mg/kg esketamine and 25 mg/kg xylazine. Hearing thresholds, peak latencies of waves I and V, and DPOAE thresholds were recorded. Time to loss of righting and time to regain righting were also assessed. We found that hearing thresholds, the peak latencies of waves I and V, and DPOAE thresholds were similar between the two groups (all P>0.05). Time to regain righting was significantly shorter in the esketamine group (P<0.001) than in the ketamine group. We concluded that when using equivalent doses of analgesia, esketamine may be an ideal substitute for ketamine during cochlear function test.

Zulliger R-Optimized Application in Children Victims of Sexual Violence and Cancer / Zulliger Aplicação R-Otimizada em Crianças Vítimas de Violência Sexual e com Câncer / Aplicación R-Optimizada de Zulliger en Niños Víctimas de Violencia Sexual y Cáncer

Abstract Child sexual violence can cause serious damage to the psychosocial development of its victims. Assessments in this context require the use of several psychological tests with proven validity for this purpose. This study aimed to assess children victims of sexual violence using the Zulliger R-Optimized application. The sample consisted of 37 children of both sexes, aged from seven to 13 years old (M = 10.92), distributed in three groups: Sexual Violence Victims (SVV), Cancer Patients (CP) and the Non-Victim Group (NVG). The statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whiney and one-way ANOVA tests. The Zulliger variables concerning the clusters Interpersonal Relationship (GHR, PHR, GHR:PHR, p), Self-Image (MOR) and Processing (W:M) showed statistical differences when the SVV group was compared to the other groups. The Zulliger R-Optimized application shows promising results in assessing SVV children, indicating its usefulness for assessments in this context.

Resumo A violência sexual infantil pode gerar graves prejuízos para o desenvolvimento psicossocial de suas vítimas. As avaliações nesse contexto requerem o uso de vários testes psicológicos que possuem evidências de validade para este fim. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar crianças vítimas de violência sexual com o Zulliger aplicação R-Otimizada. A amostra consistiu em 37 crianças com idade entre 7 e 13 anos (M = 10,92), de ambos os sexos, distribuídas em três grupos: Vítimas de Violência Sexual (VVS), Pacientes com Câncer (PC) e Grupo de Não-Vítimas (GNV). Realizou-se tratamento estatístico por meio dos testes Mann-Whiney e Anova de uma via. Variáveis do Zulliger concernentes aos agrupamentos de Relacionamento Interpessoal (GHR, PHR, GHR:PHR, p), Autoimagem (MOR) e Processamento (W:M) apresentaram diferenças estatísticas quando o grupo VVS foi comparado aos outros grupos. O Zulliger aplicação R-Otimizada apresenta resultados promissores na avaliação de crianças VVS, indicando sua utilidade em avaliações desse contexto.

Resumen La violencia sexual infantil puede causar daños al desarrollo psicosocial de las víctimas. Evaluaciones en este contexto requieren uso de exámenes psicológicos que tienen evidencia de validez para este propósito. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar niños víctimas de violencia sexual con lo Zulliger aplicación R-Optimizada. La muestra consistió en 37 niños de 7 a 13 años (M = 10.92), ambos sexos, distribuidos en tres grupos: Víctimas de Violencia Sexual (VVS), Pacientes con Cáncer (PC) y Grupo de No-Víctimas (GNV). El tratamiento estadístico se realizó utilizando las pruebas de Mann-Whiney y Anova de una vía. Variables de Zulliger para las agrupaciones de Relaciones Interpersonales (GHR, PHR, GHR:PHR, p), Autoimagen (MOR) y Procesamiento (W:M) mostraron diferencias estadísticas cuando el grupo VVS se comparó con los otros grupos. Zulliger aplicación R-Optimizada muestra resultados prometedores en la evaluación de niños VVS que indican su usabilidad en las evaluaciones en este contexto.

The characteristic of otoacoustic emissions in full-term neonates according to ABO blood groups / Característica das emissões otoacústicas em neonatos a termo segundo grupos sanguíneos do sistema ABO

Abstract Introduction: Previous research has suggested that individuals with different blood groups show varied incidences of noise-induced hearing loss. The reduced otoacoustic emissions amplitudes indicate the higher possibilities of outer hair cell damage for noise exposure. Objective: The objective is to analyze the characteristics of otoacoustic emissions, including the occurrence of spontaneous otoacoustic emission and the amplitudes of distortion product otoacoustic emission at certain frequencies in full term neonates with different ABO blood groups. Methods: A total of 80 selected full-term female neonates who passed the initial newborn hearing screen were enrolled into the study, with equal number of participants in four ABO blood groups (Blood Group A, Blood Group B, Blood Group AB, Blood Group O). Measurements of spontaneous otoacoustic emission and distortion product otoacoustic emission were performed in both ears for all participants. Results: (1) The blood group O participants showed significantly fewer spontaneous otoacoustic emission occurrences than the other three blood groups (A = 70%, B = 80%, AB = 67%, O = 25%, p < 0.05). (2) The blood group O participants showed lower DPOAE amplitudes at 1257 Hz (M = 4.55 dB, SD = 8.36), 1587 Hz (M = 11.60 dB, SD = 6.57), 3174 Hz (M = 7.25 dB, SD = 5.99), 5042 Hz (M = 13.60, SD = 6.70) than participants with the other three blood groups in left ears (p < 0.05). In right ears, the blood group O participants showed reduced amplitudes at 1257 Hz (M = 6.55 dB, SD = 8.36), 1587 Hz (M = 13.60 dB, SD = 6.57), 3174 Hz (M = 7.65 dB, SD = 6.43), 5042 Hz (M = 13.65 dB, SD = 6.50) than participants from non-O blood groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Female individuals with blood group O have lower otoacoustic emissions values than individuals with the other three blood groups. We need to further investigate the possible relationships between ABO blood group and cochlear function, including the potential influences of noise damage on cochlear outer hair cells.

Resumo Introdução: Pesquisas anteriores sugeriram que indivíduos de diferentes grupos sanguíneos apresentam incidências distintas de perda auditiva induzida por ruído. As amplitudes reduzidas das emissões otoacústicas indicaram maiores ou menores possibilidades de danos às células ciliadas por exposição a ruídos. Objetivo: Analisar as características das emissões otoacústicas, inclusive a ocorrência de emissões otoacústicas espontâneas e as amplitudes de emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção em determinadas frequências em neonatos a termo de diferentes grupos sanguíneos do sistema ABO. Método: Foram incluídos 80 neonatos a termo selecionados na triagem auditiva neonatal inicial para participar do estudo, com número igual de participantes de grupos sanguíneos do sistema ABO (grupo sanguíneo A, grupo sanguíneo B, grupo sanguíneo AB e grupo sanguíneo O). As emissões otoacústicas espontâneas e emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção foram medidas em ambas as orelhas de todos os participantes. Resultados: (1) Os participantes do grupo sanguíneo O apresentaram ocorrências de emissões otoacústicas espontâneas significantemente menores do que os dos outros três grupos sanguíneos (A = 70%, B = 80%, AB = 67%, O = 25%, p < 0,05). (2) Os participantes do grupo sanguíneo O apresentaram amplitudes de emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção mais baixas a 1257 Hz (M = 4,55 dB, DP = 8,36), 1587 Hz (M = 11,60 dB, DP = 6,57), 3174 Hz (M = 7,25 dB, DP = 5,99), 5042 Hz (M = 13,0, DP = 6,70) do que os participantes dos outros três grupos sanguíneos nas orelhas esquerdas (p < 0,05). Nas orelhas direitas, os participantes do grupo sanguíneo O apresentaram amplitudes reduzidas em 1257 Hz (M = 6,55 dB, DP = 8,36), 1587 Hz (M = 13,60 dB, DP = 6,57), 3174 Hz (M = 7,65 dB, DP = 6,43), 5042 Hz (M = 13,65 dB, DP = 6,50) em comparação aos participantes de grupos sanguíneos não O (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Os indivíduos do sexo feminino do grupo sanguíneo O apresentaram valores menores de emissões otoacústicas do que os indivíduos dos outros três grupos sanguíneos. É necessário continuar a investigar as possíveis relações entre o grupo sanguíneo ABO e a função coclear, inclusive as possíveis influências do dano por ruídos às células ciliadas externas da cóclea.

Genetic analysis of some morphological traits in synthetic x naturally polyploid cotton derivatives

Cotton has received attention of geneticists since more than a century. Gossypium hirsutum, the predominantly cultivated cotton species worldwide, has a narrow genetic base. It is important to broaden its genetic base through introgression of novel alleles from related species. Here, we report the development and characterization of a backcross population derived from the hybridization of a ‘synthetic’ (derived by crossing and chromosomal doubling of nonprogenitor Gossypium species) and natural tetraploid upland cotton. ‘Synthetic’ was observed to be male-sterile and thus, was used as the female parent. A total of 7434 flowers were pollinated to obtain 1868 BC1F1 seeds by direct and reciprocal crosses. Characterization of the experimental plant material was conducted in the field for several morphological traits such as pubescence on the stem, leaf, petiole and bract, presence/absence of petal spot, petal margin colouration and stamen filament colouration. Genetic analysis revealed that petal margin colouration phenotype was governed by a single dominant gene, whereas the petal spot and filament colouration phenotypes manifested segregation distortion. None of the BC1F1 plants was devoid of trichomes thus demonstrating that presence of trichomes is dominant over their absence. Modern upland cotton cultivars are usually devoid of petal spot, petal margin colouration and stamen filament colouration. These floral anthocyanin pigmentation characteristics, if fixed in the cotton germplasm, may serve as diagnostic features for the identification of cultivars during DUS testing as well as in the maintenance breeding programmes

Body self-image disturbances in women with prolactinoma

Objective: To evaluate body dissatisfaction and distorted body self-image in women with prolactinoma. Methods: Body dissatisfaction and distorted body self-image were evaluated in 80 women with prolactinoma. All patients were in menacme, 34% had normal body mass index (BMI), and 66% were overweight. Most patients (56.2%) had normal prolactin (PRL) levels and no hyperprolactinemia symptoms (52.5%). The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was used to assess the patients' dissatisfaction with and concern about their physical form, and the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS) was used to assess body dissatisfaction and distorted body self-image. The patients were divided according to PRL level (normal vs. elevated) and the presence or absence of prolactinoma symptoms. Results: The normal and elevated PRL groups had similar incidences of body dissatisfaction and distorted body self-image. However, symptomatic patients reported a higher incidence of dissatisfaction than asymptomatic patients. Distorted body self-image was less common among symptomatic patients. Conclusion: Symptomatic patients showed higher body dissatisfaction, but lower body self-image distortion. The presence of symptoms may have been responsible for increased body awareness. The perception of body shape could have triggered feelings of dissatisfaction compared to an ideal lean body. Therefore, a distorted body self-image might not necessarily result in body dissatisfaction in women with prolactinomas.

A transmission ratio distortion and the ‘max-4’ ascus phenotype: Do both reflect the same Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller Incompatibility emerging during trans-species introgression of translocations in Neurospora?

Over the last couple of decades, with the crisis of new antimicrobial arsenal, multidrug-resistant clinicalpathogens have been observed extensively. In clinical and medical settings, these persistent pathogens predominantly grow as complex heterogeneous structures enmeshed in a self-produced exopolysaccharide matrix,termed as biofilms. Since biofilms can rapidly form by adapting new environmental surroundings and havepotential effect on human health, it is critical to study them promptly and consistently. Biofilm infections arechallenging in the contamination of medical devices and implantations, food processing and pharmaceuticalindustrial settings, and in dental area caries, periodontitis and so on. The persistence of infections associatedwith biofilms has been mainly attributed to the increased antibiotic resistance offered by the cells growing inbiofilms. In fact, it is well known that this recalcitrance of bacterial biofilms is multifactorial, and there areseveral resistance mechanisms that may act in parallel in order to provide an enhanced level of resistance to thebiofilm. In combination, distinct resistance mechanisms significantly decrease our ability to control anderadicate biofilm-associated infections with current antimicrobial arsenal. In addition, various factors areknown to influence the process of biofilm formation, growth dynamics, and their heterogeneous responsetowards antibiotic therapy. The current review discusses the contribution of cellular and physiochemical factorson the growth dynamics of biofilm, especially their role in antibiotic resistance mechanisms of bacterialpopulation living in surface attached growth mode. A systematic investigation on the effects and treatment ofbiofilms may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat biofilms in healthcare andindustrial settings.

Distortion and dissatisfaction with body size per the demographic and academic characteristics and the nutritional status of university students

To identify the prevalence of distortion and dissatisfaction with the body size of Brazilian university students, and establish their relationship with the demographic and academic characteristics and the anthropometric nutritional status. The sample consisted of students from a public university in the state of São Paulo. The Figure Rating Scale (FRS) for Brazilian adults was used as an instrument. The participants selected the figure that corresponded to the current body and another one for the desired body. The prevalence of distortion and dissatisfaction with body sizewas calculated with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The association between the variables was evaluated by the Chi-Square Test (χ2). The significance level of 5% was adopted. A total of 356 students (women=71.63%) with a mean age of 20.95 (SD=2.55) years participated. The prevalence of distortion and dissatisfaction with body size was 73.03% (95% CI=68.23­77.83) and 79.49% (95% CI=75.3­83.68), respectively. There was a high prevalence of distortion with body size among individuals with low weight (χ2=9.523, p=0.009). Students who distorted the body size (52.31% [95% CI=47.12­57.50]) underestimated their body size. The type of distortion was related to sex (χ2=26.35, p<0.001), physical activity (χ2=4.51, p=0.034), use of supplements (χ2=4.62, p=0.032), andthe anthropometric nutritional status (χ2=9.05, p=0.011). Students dissatisfied with the body (58.66% [95% CI=52.92­64.40]) wished to reduce the body size. The type of dissatisfaction was related to sex (χ2=5.79, p=0.016) and anthropometric nutritional status (χ2=89.83, p<0.001). The prevalence of body size underestimation was higher among men, students who practice physical activity, subjects using dietary supplements and underweight individuals. The wish to decrease body size was higher among women and overweight/obese individuals.(AU)

Diagnostic value of ABR wave and DPOAE test in 65 infants with secretory otitis media / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To study and analyze the diagnostic value of auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) in infants with secretory otitis media.@*Methods@#From June 2016 to June 2018, 65 infants (120 ears) with secretory otitis media who were treated at the First People's Hospital of Taizhou were selected.All the 120 ears were diagnosed by ABR wave test and DPOAE test machine.The results of different diagnostic methods were observed and compared.@*Results@#Among 65 cases (120 ears), 60 ears (50.00%) with mildly abnormality, 43 ears (35.83%) with moderate abnormality and 17 ears (14.17%) with normal ABR wave Ⅴ response threshold.There was no statistically significant difference in Ⅰ-Ⅴ wave interval between the mild abnormal group and the normal group (P>0.05), but Ⅰ-Ⅴ wave interval in the moderate abnormal group[(4.27±0.27)ms in moderate abnormal group] was significantly shorter than that in the normal group[(4.75±0.31)ms] and the mild abnormal group[(4.73±0.21)ms], the differences were statistically significant(t=5.949, 9.722, all P<0.05). The Ⅴ response threshold of bone-guided ABR wave was normal in 108 ears(90.00%, 108/120). The Ⅴ latency of bone guided wave was (8.16±0.22)ms, and abnormal in 12 ears (10.00%, 12/120). With the increase of the gas conduction reaction threshold, the bone conduction ABR reaction threshold also increased, but it was not as obvious as the air conduction.The wave Ⅴ latency in the normal BRT group was significantly lower than that in the abnormal group (compared with mild abnormal group, t=17.400, P<0.05; compared with moderate abnormal group, t=130.015, P<0.05). DPOAE test failed 86 ears (71.67%, 86/120), passed through 34 ears (28.33%, 34/120).@*Conclusion@#The latency of ABR wave I is sensitive to the diagnosis of secretory otitis media in infants.The combination of DPOAE and ABR is helpful to the early diagnosis of the disease.ABR and DPOAE tests have high value and are worthy of popularizing in clinic.

Diagnostic value of ABR wave and DPOAE test in 65 infants with secretory otitis media / 中国基层医药

Objective To study and analyze the diagnostic value of auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) in infants with secretory otitis media.Methods From June 2016 to June 2018,65 infants (120 ears) with secretory otitis media who were treated at the First People's Hospital of Taizhou were selected.All the 120 ears were diagnosed by ABR wave test and DPOAE test machine.The results of different diagnostic methods were observed and compared.Results Among 65 cases (120 ears),60 ears (50.00%) with mildly abnormality,43 ears (35.83%) with moderate abnormality and 17 ears (14.17%) with normal ABR wave Ⅴresponse threshold.There was no statistically significant difference in Ⅰ-Ⅴwave interval between the mild abnormal group and the normal group ( P ＞0.05 ), but Ⅰ -Ⅴ wave interval in the moderate abnormal group [( 4.27 ± 0.27)ms in moderate abnormal group ] was significantly shorter than that in the normal group [(4.75 ±0.31) ms] and the mild abnormal group [(4.73 ±0.21)ms],the differences were statistically significant (t＝5.949,9.722,all P＜0.05).TheⅤresponse threshold of bone -guided ABR wave was normal in 108 ears(90.00%,108／120).TheⅤlatency of bone guided wave was (8.16 ±0.22) ms,and abnormal in 12 ears (10.00%,12／120).With the increase of the gas conduction reaction threshold ,the bone conduction ABR reaction threshold also increased ,but it was not as obvious as the air conduction.The wave Ⅴ latency in the normal BRT group was significantly lower than that in the abnormal group ( compared with mild abnormal group , t ＝17.400,P ＜0.05;compared with moderate abnormal group,t＝130.015,P＜0.05).DPOAE test failed 86 ears (71.67%,86／120),passed through 34 ears (28.33%,34／120).Conclusion The latency of ABR wave I is sensitive to the diagnosis of secretory otitis media in infants.The combination of DPOAE and ABR is helpful to the early diagnosis of the disease.ABR and DPOAE tests have high value and are worthy of popularizing in clinic.

Análises psicométricas da Escala de Distorções Cognitivas Depressivas / Psychometric analyses of the Depressive Cognitive Distortion Scale / Análisis psicométricos de la Escala de Distorsiones Cognitivas Depresivas

As distorções cognitivas são erros lógicos de pensamentos que podem alterar a realidade do sujeito, causando possíveis sintomas depressivos. O objetivo do estudo foi construir um instrumento intitulado de Escala de Distorções Cognitivas Depressivas (EDICOD) e buscar evidências de validade baseada no conteúdo e estrutura interna, utilizando análise fatorial exploratória e o modelo da Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI). Na etapa de construção do estudo, participaram oito juízes e 27 estudantes de graduação para uma aplicação piloto para adequação dos itens. Posteriormente, 459 indivíduos, divididos entre sujeitos não clínicos e clínicos com diagnóstico de depressão, de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária entre 18 e 60 anos. Após as análises psicométricas, a escala ficou reduzida com 36 itens, divididos em três fatores interpretáveis, sendo esses, Abstração seletiva/personalização (F1), Inferência arbitrária/maximização e minimização (F2) e por último, Pensamento dicotômico/hipergeneralização (F3). Assim, a EDICOD apresentou ser um instrumento adequado de rastreio das principais distorções cognitivas, principalmente para possível uso em ambiente clínico

Cognitive distortions are logical errors of thoughts that can alter the subject's reality, causing possible depressive symptoms. The purpose of the study was to construct an instrument titled Depression Cognitive Distortion Scale (EDICOD) and to seek evidence of validity based on content and internal structure using exploratory factorial analysis and the Item Response Theory (TRI) model. In the construction phase of the study, eight judges and 27 undergraduate students participated in a pilot application to adjust the items. Subsequently, 459 individuals, divided between non-clinical and clinical subjects with a diagnosis of depression, of both sexes, aged between 18 and 60 years, participated. After the psychometric analysis, the scale was reduced to 36 items, divided into three interpretable factors: Selective abstraction/personalization (F1), arbitrary inference/maximization and minimization (F2), and finally, dichotomous thinking/hypergeneralization (F3). Thus, EDICOD presented an adequate tool for screening the main cognitive distortions, mainly for possible use in clinical settings

Las distorsiones cognitivas son errores lógicos de pensamientos que pueden alterar la realidad del sujeto, causando posibles síntomas depresivos. El objetivo del estudio fue construir un instrumento titulado de Escala de Distorsiones Cognitivas Depresivas (EDICOD) y buscar evidencias de validez basada en el contenido y la estructura interna, utilizando análisis factorial exploratorio y el modelo de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI). En la etapa de construcción del estudio, participaron ocho jueces y 27 estudiantes de graduación para una aplicación piloto para adecuación de los ítems. Posteriormente, 459 individuos, divididos entre sujetos no clínicos y clínicos con diagnóstico de depresión, de ambos sexos, con rango de edad entre 18 y 60 años. Después de los análisis psicométricos, la escala se redujo con 36 ítems, divididos en tres factores interpretables, siendo éstos, Abstracción selectiva/personalización (F1), Inferencia arbitraria/maximización y minimización (F2) y por último, Pensamiento dicotómico/hipergeneralización (F3). Así, la EDICOD presentó ser un instrumento adecuado de rastreo de las principales distorsiones cognitivas, principalmente para posible uso en ambiente clínico

Body Image Self-Perception and Risky Eating Behaviors in Medicine Undergraduate Students in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico (2014) / Autopercepción de la imagen corporal y conductas alimentarias de riesgo en estudiantes universitarios de medicina en Xalapa, Veracruz, México (2014) / Autopercepção da imagem corporal e condutas alimentares de risco em estudantes universitários de medicina em Xalapa, Veracruz, México (2014)

Abstract Introduction: The current beauty standard is associated with thinness, a situation that alters the body perception and can lead to the development of an eating disorder. Objective: To determine the relationship between the indexes of body image dissatisfaction and body image distortion and risky eating behaviors (REB) in a university population of medicine students in Veracruz, Mexico. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study, with a sample of 187 students. A register was drawn up that included the SFS-test to evaluate the body image and to estimate the indices of dissatisfaction and distortion of the body image, the Brief Questionnaire of Risky Eating Behaviors validated in Mexican population, as well as social variables. A descriptive analysis was carried out with basic measures of frequency and dispersion, bivariate and multimodal analyses were performed too. Results: 43 % were female, and the average age was 21 (± 1.7) similar in both sexes. The prevalence of high risk of REB was 8.6 %, higher in men (9.4 % versus 7.4 %) and medium risk (23.5 %) with the distribution reversed by sex (28.4 % in women and 19.8 % in men). The dissatisfaction index was 59.4 % covering those who perceived having a higher weight than they would like to have. Concerning the distortion of the own body image it was observed that 41.2 % supposed to haveing a higher weight than what resulted from the anthropometric evaluation. Discussion: Dissatisfaction rates showed a positive correlation gradient with REBs, being this more evident in men.

Resumen Introducción: el estándar de belleza actual se asocia con la delgadez, situación que puede alterar la percepción corporal y consecuentemente conducir al desarrollo de algún trastorno alimentario. Objetivo: determinar la relación de los índices de insatisfacción y distorsión de la imagen corporal y las conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), en una población universitaria de estudiantes de medicina en Veracruz, México. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal analítico en una población de 187 estudiantes. Se elaboró una cédula que incluyó el SFS-test para evaluar la imagen corporal y estimar los índices de insatisfacción y distorsión de la imagen corporal; el Cuestionario Breve de Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo validado en población mexicana, así como variables sociales. Se realizó análisis descriptivo con medidas básicas de frecuencia y dispersión, bivariado y multimodal. Resultados: el 43 % eran mujeres y la edad promedio 21 años (±1.7) similar en ambos sexos. La prevalencia de alto riesgo de CAR fue de 8.6 %>, superior en los hombres (9.4 % frente a 7.4 %>) y del mediano riesgo 23.5 % con la distribución invertida por sexo (28.4 % en las mujeres y 19.8 % en los hombres). El índice de insatisfacción fue del 59.4 %, quienes percibieron tener mayor peso del que les gustaría tener y en la distorsión de la imagen corporal se observó que un 41.2 % suponía tener mayor peso que el arrojado por la evaluación antropométrica. Conclusión: los índices de insatisfacción mostraron gradiente de correlación positivo con las CAR, siendo más evidente en los hombres.

Resumo Introdução: o standard de beleza atual associa-se com a magreza, situação que pode alterar a percepção corporal e consequentemente conduzir ao desenvolvimento de algum transtorno alimentar. Objetivo: determinar a relação dos índices de insatisfação e distorção da imagem corporal e as Condutas Alimentares de Risco (CAR), em uma população universitária de estudantes de medicina em Veracruz, México. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal analítico, em uma população de 187 estudantes. Elaborou-se uma cédula que incluiu o teste SFS para avaliar a imagem corporal e estimar os índices de insatisfação e distorção da imagem corporal; o Questionário Breve de Condutas Alimentares de Risco validado em população mexicana, assim como variáveis sociais. Se realizou a análise descritiva com medidas básicas de frequência e dispersão, bivariado e multimodal. Resultados: o 43 % foram mulheres e a idade média 21 anos (±1.7) similar em ambos os sexos. A prevalência de alto risco de CAR foi de 8.6 %, superior nos homens (9.4 %> versus 7.4 %>) e do mediano risco 23.5 %> com a distribuição invertida por sexo (28.4 % nas mulheres e 19.8 % nos homens). O índice de insatisfação foi de 59.4 %, quem percebera ter maior peso do que gostaria ter, e a distorção da imagem corporal observara-se que um 41.2 %>, quem supunha ter maior peso que o obtido pela avaliação antropométrica. Conclusão: os índices de insatisfação mostraram gradiente de correlação positivo com as CAR, sendo mais evidente nos homens.

Finding out incidence of deafness among neonates at a tertiary care centre of western Rajasthan, India using otoacoustic emission

Background: Newborn hearing screening is conducted to identify suspected hearing loss and not to confirm the presence/absence of hearing loss or define features of the loss. Speech and hearing are interrelated, i.e., a problem with one could mean a problem with the other as speech and language is acquired normally through auditory system.Methods: A descriptive study conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, from June 2016 to December 2017. 5000 neonates were screened using otoacoustic emissions (OAE) in 2 stages at birth during 3rd to 7th day and 15-30 days respectively, followed by BERA at 3 months of age.Results: 1.4 infants per thousand infants had hearing loss. Presence of high-risk factors was seen to be associated be associated with hearing loss more than normal infants on screening with distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) tests. However, on testing with BERA no such association was seen.Conclusions: 1.4 per 1000 infants had hearing loss. This study has shown that two stage distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) hearing screening followed by british educational research association '(BERA) to confirm the hearing deficit, can be successfully implemented as new born hearing screening method in a hospital set-up, for early detection of hearing impaired, on a large scale, to achieve the high-quality standard of screening programs in a resource limited and developing nation like India.

Effect of Fascial Distortion Model on the Pain and Movement of Neck Patient

PURPOSE: This study compared the effectiveness of three methods, fascial distortion model (FDM), myofascial release (MFR), self-myofascial release (SMR), on the neck range of motion and pain. METHODS: In this study, the collected data were processed statistically using SPSS version 22.0 for Windows. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the general characteristics of the subjects. Repeated measure ANOVA was conducted to analyze the range of motion of the neck of the group and VAS, and Contras was used to see the difference in significance over time. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences among the groups and a post-hoc test was used. The significance level (α) was 0.05. RESULTS: In the range of motion, the flexion and extension of the neck, right rotation, and left rotation were significantly different in the SMR, FDM, and MFR groups. The right lateral flexion showed significant differences in the FDM, MFR, and SMR groups. The VAS was similar in the groups at 2 and 4 weeks, but there was a significant difference among the FDM, MFR, and SMR groups at 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: In this study, MFR and MSR as well as FDM were effective in controlling the range of motion and pain control of the neck. Further studies will be needed to determine the effects of long-lasting treatments other than pain control. These studies and the present study will be used as a basis for ongoing research into the duration and method of application for musculoskeletal therapies.